台灣民間信仰中之五營兵將The Wu-Ying Army in Taiwanese Folk Religion
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中文題名
台灣民間信仰中之五營兵將
其他題名
The Wu-Ying Army in Taiwanese Folk Religion
類型
圖書
主題
學位論文
神鬼傳說
神鬼傳說
關鍵詞
安置
傷害
驅逐
保生大帝信仰
守備
民族
瑜伽
流行病
台灣文化
有信心
文獻
穩定
神明
聚落
傳承
廟宇
犒賞
瑜珈
危機解除
哪吒
論文
民間信仰
掌握
上架
積極
危難
派遣
鎮守
民間傳說
法師
艱難
毅力
不安寧
臺灣
五營
四聖者
三十六將
竹符
安營
犒軍
瑜珈教
Taiwan
Zhu-Fu
Wu-Ying
five-camps
folk religion
positioning of the Wu-Ying Army
four oracles—Zhang
thirty-six generals
An-Ying
Liu and Lian
sigil on bamboo
Na-Zha
描述
「五營兵將」按中央與四方來安置的概念起源甚早，並與古代中國既有的空間概念與五行思想關係密切。而各地五營軍兵名稱與數量則源於古代中國與四周民族的名稱。� 五營兵將的安置是在聚落內遭逢流行病、地方不安寧、廟宇興建期間、醮典期間等特殊情境下，才於聚落周圍設置五營軍兵來加強鎮守。待危機解除或相關儀式完成後，人們舉行盛大宴席犒賞軍兵，最後將五營軍兵召回。而五營設置物所環繞起的空間，即是五營軍兵的守備範圍，在安置五營軍兵的過程中，同時也是一次神明的巡查活動，雖然各地安置五營軍兵的作法看似不同，卻都存有驅逐邪煞、清淨場域的用意。� 在台南地區有「三十六將」之組成，在法師行法過程中，這群「三十六將」常被派遣作為五營軍的將領，這些「三十六將」又與保生大帝信仰下的侍從之神有密切的關係。另外有關張、蕭、劉、連四聖者的相關文獻以及咒文內容中，皆顯現出此四聖者有入「瑜伽派」的事蹟。而白玉蟾在《海瓊白真人語錄》內所言瑜伽教之特徵又與台灣地區法師在行法過程中的情景十分相近，這種種吻合之處，都透露出這些法師所屬的教派與「瑜珈教」有著直接而密切的傳承關係。在現今社會「五營」信仰仍延續著，當人們面一些無法掌握的情況，仍希冀神明的庇佑及神軍的護助，來避免這種傷害的發生。人怜礅H危難總會在五營軍兵的u護之下度過，或許就是這種心理面的支持與穩定力量，讓人們有信心與毅力來度過生活艱難的時期，這亦即是「五營」信仰的積極意義所在。
The concept of the positioning of the Wu-Ying which is the midpoint of and including the four directions was formulated rather early, and it had a close relationship to the “existing space concept” and the “Wu-Hsing ideas” of ancient China.The reasons for the positioning of the Wu-Ying Army were to ward off plagues, to stabilize troubled areas, and the safe keeping and the holding of the Jiao Ceremony or temples were under construction. The above reasons are just a few examples for the positioning of the Wu-Ying Army. The positioning of the Wu-Ying Army has long been used to maintain and defend a specific area. After the crisis is released or related ritual is finished, people hold big banquet to feast the Wu-Ying Army, and finally recall the Wu-Ying Army.� The space within the perimeter of a Wu-Ying encircled village shows the area being defended. The process of the positioning of the Wu-Ying Army also signifies that the gods go on tours of inspection within that defined area. The methods of the positioning of the Wu-Ying Army differs among different areas, but they all have the same functions of dispelling evils and cleansing the area.There are thirty-six generals in the Tainan area. During conjuration rituals, exorcists detach these generals to lead the soldiers of the Wu-Ying Army. Further, these generals have a close relationship with the guards of The Emperor Pao-shen.Within the content of the conjurator and the correlative literatures of the four oracles—Zhang, Xiao, Liu and Lian, we can see the fact that the four oracles had joined Yoga Junto. Further, in Bai Yu-Chan’s “海瓊白真人語錄”, the characteristics of Yoga Junto are described and are quite similar to practices in the conjuration rituals. These similarities reveal that the exorcists’ junto has a direct and close relationship with Yoga Junto.
The concept of the positioning of the Wu-Ying which is the midpoint of and including the four directions was formulated rather early, and it had a close relationship to the “existing space concept” and the “Wu-Hsing ideas” of ancient China.The reasons for the positioning of the Wu-Ying Army were to ward off plagues, to stabilize troubled areas, and the safe keeping and the holding of the Jiao Ceremony or temples were under construction. The above reasons are just a few examples for the positioning of the Wu-Ying Army. The positioning of the Wu-Ying Army has long been used to maintain and defend a specific area. After the crisis is released or related ritual is finished, people hold big banquet to feast the Wu-Ying Army, and finally recall the Wu-Ying Army.� The space within the perimeter of a Wu-Ying encircled village shows the area being defended. The process of the positioning of the Wu-Ying Army also signifies that the gods go on tours of inspection within that defined area. The methods of the positioning of the Wu-Ying Army differs among different areas, but they all have the same functions of dispelling evils and cleansing the area.There are thirty-six generals in the Tainan area. During conjuration rituals, exorcists detach these generals to lead the soldiers of the Wu-Ying Army. Further, these generals have a close relationship with the guards of The Emperor Pao-shen.Within the content of the conjurator and the correlative literatures of the four oracles—Zhang, Xiao, Liu and Lian, we can see the fact that the four oracles had joined Yoga Junto. Further, in Bai Yu-Chan’s “海瓊白真人語錄”, the characteristics of Yoga Junto are described and are quite similar to practices in the conjuration rituals. These similarities reveal that the exorcists’ junto has a direct and close relationship with Yoga Junto.
出版
臺南市
國立臺南大學臺灣文化研究所
國立臺南大學臺灣文化研究所
日期
2005
數量
185
語言
中文
原件典藏單位(者)
國家圖書館
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