林投姐故事研究

Folktale of Lin Tou sister

圖書

學位論文
神鬼傳說

林投姐故事是本省流傳已久的經典女性鬼魂復仇傳說，為追本溯源探討故事流播層次，本論文研究範圍以書面記錄為主，並參酌曾發行的有聲媒體，以及田野調查的訪談記錄，從中了解台灣林投姐故事的流佈內容，並可看出傳說故事的流播是不分年齡、不分社會階層的，其流傳層面之廣超乎吾人想像，繼而將不同時期盛行的內容差異作一比較整理，得以窺見民間傳說故事的增衍特性。 為確實了解故事演變情形，首先以文字記載年代為經及傳說故事流變狀況為緯，概分為初期、孳乳期、成熟期、增異期和改編創作期等五大範疇進行剖析探究，說明傳說孶衍的過程。而有聲媒體所呈現的內容特色與文人創作間的內容差異，見證民間傳說故事的迷人處，就在其廣義性、多面性，可順應社會脈動增補誘人風采。 繼之分章討論類似的風物傳說與類似的故事，就風物傳說的特徵，加以探究林衡道所謂林投姐故事係移植於望夫傳說的說法合理嗎？此外針對筆記小說，如「六夷騙搧」、「冤報」或同屬台灣民間故事，曾出現與林投姐故事流播內容大同小異的「周成過台灣」等，就時空相近的關聯性，ㄧ併研究比較。 當然悲劇產生有其必然因素，試從女性的角度來探究男子負心婚變的緣由，由於傳統道德禮教下的女性受到的桎梏與枷鎖，以致在婚姻上僅為附屬於男子的依附地位，女子從小所受家庭教育都以侍奉丈夫、孝養翁姑為主，一旦有恩於丈夫，而丈夫飛黃騰達後，能否飲水思源報恩，也就成為婚姻屬性的關鍵點。再從故事本身的負心悲劇，進而了解女性生若無法復仇，死後也要藉著陰間的司法正義，向負心漢討回公道，以達到「善惡終有報」的果報觀念。 最後總結林投姐傳說故事的發展架構，和背後所蘊含的意義與省思。
「Lin Tou Sister」is a wide spread classic folktale about a female ghost taking her revenge﹒ With a view to excavating the prevailing level of the folktale， this thesis focuses on the written records and also refers to the published audio media plus the interviews from field trip，so as to wholly understand the legendary content and its cultivation﹒ The spreading dimension of the folktale is not limited to ages or social classes and also far beyond imagination， Furthermore， the thesis formulates and compares the differences between each popular version at various stages to delve into the characteristics of its opulence﹒ In order to precisely elucidate the progress of this folktale， this thesis first interweaves as weft all the information on written materials， according to its time sequence，and then as warp the cases of transformation， dividing the development of the folktale into five stages： beginning, nurturing, maturing, altering, and scriptwriting﹒ The thesis thereafter studies and analyzes these five parts and depicts the process of evolvement﹒ That the features in the contents presented by the audio media differ from those written by literati shows that the fascination of this folktale lies widely in adapting itself to social fluctuation﹒ Next， the thesis discusses in detail the legends and folklores which have similar essence to「Lin Tou Sister」﹒ As far as the traits in a legend is concerned， is it reasonable for Lin Heng Dao to assert 「Lin Tou Sister」is transplanted from a 「Wang Fu」(expecting a husband) legend？ Besides，notebook novels such as 「Liu Yi Pian Shan」， and 「Yuan Bao」， or even the folktale 「Jhou Cheng Guo Tai Wan」， whose content is almost alike to 「Lin Tou Sister」， are discussed and compared simultaneously on this thesis because of their close relation in time and space﹒ It’s a sure thing that a tragedy happens for some certain factors﹒ This thesis probes from a female’s viewpoint the failure in a marriage resulting from the ungratefulness of man﹒ Due to the bondage and chain which traditional social moral sets on women, females are subordinate to males in marriage﹒ A female is disciplined since her early age how to serve her future husband and show filial piety to his family﹒ Once becoming prosperous by taking advantage of the wife’s support and assistance, can the husband return her favor and treat her well？ This is the critical turning point to the attribution of a marriage﹒Moreover, from this tragic story of an unthankful husband extracts the notion that a woman would try to look for judicial justice in the nether world when she dies and get even with her husband if she fails to do so while alive﹒ This corresponds with the karma concept 「A bad penny always comes back」﹒ At the end of this thesis it sums up the developing structures of 「Lin Tou Sister」and reviews retrospectively the moral between the lines in this folktale﹒

臺南市
國立成功大學中國文學研究所在職專班

2006

162

中文

國家圖書館