鹿港許厝埔十二庄之聚落研究

A Study of Human Settlement on Kocubo League of 12 Villages in Lukang

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學位論文
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本文為一篇跨領域科際整合的聚落研究，主要研究範圍為鹿港街東方的許厝埔十二庄。在臺灣的傳統漢人社會中，「庄」、「街」、「城」為三種不同的聚落類型，由於早期臺灣的地方治安不佳，庄與庄間常會彼此尋求同盟，形成所謂的「聯庄」組織。在傳統的鹿港街外圍便同時分布四個聯庄組織，分別為「頂十二庄」、「許厝埔十二庄」、「同安寮十二庄」及「五庄會」。 清治初期的許厝埔雖曾由漳州人許祐德開墾過，然而日後因為族群械鬥的原因，已全部轉變為由泉州府晉江縣的瑤林石龜許姓散居的十二庄，因此，早期的許厝埔十二庄係奠基於同為許姓宗親的因素而聯結，今日的許厝埔十二庄則形成「山仔公」及「廿公」兩個主要的祭祀團體，並以鎮符為境內一年一度的聯庄大事，藉以凝聚許厝埔十二庄社群的認同感與向心力，歷年來安置的三十六個營位為全臺至今所知最大規模的安營系統，透過營位的分布完整地呈顯出許厝埔十二庄的聯座領域空問，在此空間之中，大多數的庄頭亦同時安置其庄頭營位，形成聯庄與庄頭雙重層級的領域空間。 在鹿港街周圍的四個聯庄組織中，以許厝埔十二庄與鹿港街的關係最為密切，在血緣及地緣雙重因素的影響下，其街庄互動關係表現在以下四個層面上：1．聚族而居的社群空間、2.許姓角頭彼此互相交陪、3.由街內及街外許姓所形成的許三媽信仰範圍、4.互為表裹的經濟、交通、防禦等物質空間。 本文的完成不僅補足過去鹿港研究中始終被忽略的缺口，也讓吾人開始注意到臺灣傳統漢人聚落的街庄關係，並在本文的研究基礎上，讓我們重新釐清宗教性地方組織（祭祀圈）與地緣性宗教組織（信仰圈）的異同。
This paper is an interdisciplinary study on human settlements across many realms． This research selects Kocubo（許厝埔）League of 12 villages in eastern Lukang as the domain for investigation. In the traditional society of Taiwan, there are three types of human settlements：village (zhuang), market town (jie), and walled city (cheng)．Because of the social insecurity in early Taiwan, a league of villages is a network of alliance among villages．There are four leagues of villages surrounding the traditional Lukang market town, specifically as the Upper League of 12 Villages，Kocubo League of 12 Villages， Dang-ua"-liao（同安寮）League of 12 Villages, and League of 5 Villages. Though Kocubo had been plowed in early Ching dynasty by Hsu, lou-der from Zhangzhou Province of Mainland China, due to ethnic strife and conflicts，it later became the area of 12 villages for the Hsu people, who came from Yaolin Town or Shiguei Township in Jing jian County of Quan-zhou District. Early Kocubo League of 12 Villages was an organization for the Hsu''s clansmen．Now, the Kocubo League of 12 Villages consists of two schools of worship：Sua"-a-kong（山仔公）and twenty-kong（廿公）． And, its yearly significant event is to make a renewal of the symbols of divine troops so that the identity and cohesion of the Kocubo league of 12 villages could be united. Up to today, its 36 symbols of divine troops are the grandest system of installing the symbols of the divine troops in Taiwan that have ever been established over the years. The distribution of divine troops suggests the territorial space of Kocubo League of 12 Villages where the 12 villages also install their respective symbols of the dvivne troops．Therefore, the space becomes dual level territorial space which forms by the league of villages and the villages． Of the four leagues of villages, Kocubo League of 12 Villages has the closest tie with Lukang market town. Under the influence of kinship and geography, the interactions between Lukang and Kocubo are displayed in the following four layers：1 ．the community space that offers people to live together, 2. the Hsu''s Gak-tans（角頭）communicate to each other, 3．the Hsu-Three-Ma-Tsu(許三媽）’s spheres of belief was composed of the Hsu people living outside and inside the town, and 4.the living space is full of economy, transportation, and defense． This article complements the Lukang studies by filling the gap which has been neglected, and it also helps us to pay attention to the relations between the market town and villages in the traditional settlement of Taiwan by Han people．And this article also lets us to clarify the similarities and differences between the religiously local organizations (religious sphere) and the geographically religious organizations (belief sphere).

臺北市
國立臺北藝術大學傳統藝術研究所

2005

190

中文

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